Effects Of Being Mixed Race On The Rural South Essay

Effects of being Mixed Race in the Rural South The mixing of races in the rural South was frowned upon up by society beginning as early as the start of slavery. Although the practice of mixing races was seen as a taboo, slave owners often had children with their slaves. The children of the slave owners and slaves were of mixed race, known as the mulatto, having half black and half white genetics. When races continued to be mixed, measurements were created by the Creoles of Louisiana as a system of determining how mixed an individual was. This caste system was used as a universal understanding of how much â€Å"black† a mixed person had in their genetics. The issue of race was not simply based on the color of skin, it was about the genetic make-up and history of the individual. Having any percentage of black heritage was seen as a distasteful. The problem of being a mixed race is the highlight of authors Victor Sà ©jour and Kate Chopin in their narratives â€Å"The Mulatto† and â€Å".Dà ©sirà ©e s Baby†. Both writers portray a character who struggles with their roots and societal pressure to conform to what society views as right and wrong. Beginning with â€Å"The Mulatto† by Victor Sà ©jour, the author tells a story within a story of a former slave named Georges. In this narrative, Sà ©jour mentions several different aspects a slave, in particular a mulatto, encounters, including issues of broken families, the denial of human affection, double relation of father and master, and hatred. Kate ChopinShow MoreRelatedWorld Geography Level : South Africa1599 Words   |  7 PagesDarin Colarusso Ms. Higgins World Geography Level 1 18 December 2014 South Africa South Africa is the future of Africa. They are undisputedly the economic, academic, and scientific leaders of that continent. 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A study by the U.S. General Accounting Office indicated that three quarters of commercial hazardous-waste landfills in the southern region of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kenturky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South CarolinaRead MoreA Reflection of the Treatment of African Americans in the 1920s and 30s1378 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II, African Americans faced many forms of discrimination. After World War I, during the 1920s, some 800,000 African Americans moved north to cities such as Detroit, New York City and Chicago due to the harsh treatment they faced in the South. However, the North was not free of bigotry. Langston Hughes, a famous African American poet and author, wrote many poems describing the treatment of African Americans and th eir struggle to survive. Hughes poems reflect the treatment of AfricanRead MoreSocial Ecology And Its Effects On Human Development3327 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract Social ecology is defined as the relationship of human beings to their environment. The social ecological approach analyzes the social, behavioral, and physical characteristics that influence community crime rates. This approach was developed in the early 1900s. Social scientists, Robert E. Park and Ernest W. Burgess, of the University of Chicago, developed this ecological analysis. This paper provides an overview of the studies and findings conducted by Robert E. Park and Ernest W. Burgess

Marketing Strategy Of Coca Cola - 1751 Words

This assignment is prepared in order to fulfill the partial requirement of our graduate program MBA (Masters in Business Administration) under Westcliff University. The students are assigned to submit Comprehensive Learning Assessment of marketing on a product or service. This assignment has been prepared with a different idea in mind. This assignment contains a brief introduction of a product Coca Cola. Also, I have performed an environmental analysis, industry analysis, SWOT analysis and marketing mix analysis in order to identify the potential areas of growth and areas where more attention is required for the success of the business. The main objective of this assignment is to develop and study a media plan of Coca Cola. This media†¦show more content†¦Apart from developing media plan objective this paper tries to identify the positioning of Coca Cola in the global market and to develop strategies to improve the positioning of Coca Cola in coming days. Introduction Coca Cola Company is the world’s leading soft drinks, operates in more than 200 countries and sells 400 brands of non-alcoholic beverages in beverages industry. Coca Cola is also the most valuable brand in the world and world’s largest manufacturer and distributor. Coca Cola is a globally recognized and known successful company. The Coca Cola was founded on May of 1886. As late as the 1990s, Coca Cola was one of the most respected and impressive companies in the world, known as a very successful and most impressive management team (Nasdaq, 2014). Since 1998, the Coca Cola Company has been tackling with internal weaknesses, imperfection, and external risks and threats uncertainty. Marketing Environment Analysis of Coca Cola An organization needs to analyze its PESTLE factors in order to identify the external factors that may affect their business or may occur in the market. So, this environmental analysis is performed to analyze the factors that may affect the operation of Coca Cola Company. The marketing environment analysis of Coca Cola is as follows: Political Factors Coca Cola non-alcoholic beverages are within the food category. Coca Cola is a global product and is

Critical Appraisal Study of Cohort Study-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Critical appraisal on a cohort study using JBI critical assessment tool on cohort study. Answer: Introduction: Evidence based practice can be defined as any interdisciplinary approach medical practice that serves by integrating three most available research evidence on different treatments and its effect, clinical expertise and judgment, and most importantly client preferences and values while designing planning and implementing a particular care strategy. There are various benefits to evidence-based practice into the care, such as better care outcomes, enhanced patient safety, and improved living quality in the Healthcare facility (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2017). Evidence based practice has contributed in obliterating a lot of Healthcare complexities such as medication errors. Medication errors are any avoidable event that can cause inappropriate medication administration leading to reversible or irreversible harm to the patients (Ghaleb et al., 2010). Evidence based practice can effectively obliterate medication errors and provide a much safer care environment to the patients (Melnyk Fineout- Overholt, 2011). This assignment will attempt to critically appraise a cohort study on how evidence based practice can prevent adverse drug events in neonatal Intensive Care units. A cohort study is an investigative design of medical research and emphasizes on establishing links between factors and their outcome in the healthcare scenario. Hence it can be mentioned that a cohort study will be an accident tool in order to serve the purpose of critical appraisal study. Critical analysis: The critical analysis for this assignment will follow the JBI critical appraisal tool. The paper on the review by Morris et al. discusses the effectiveness of a barcode medication administration system (BCMA) as a mode of evidence-based practice that has the potential to reduce preventable adverse drug events in neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (Morriss et al., 2009). The very first question which focuses on the two groups selected in the study and whether they are similar and recruited from the same population. It has to be mentioned that the two groups that was elected in the study design was from the same population of a 36 bed NICU setting. The population is divided by 50%, half of the population where exposed to the BCMA system right away while the latter half was exposed later along the study. The grouping to be effective the two groups selected for the study has to be as similar as possible in all manners except for the exposure and it can be mentioned that for the study th e authors have selected a particular Care Unit where the two different groups and a comparison for only dissembler in terms of the exposure to the BCMA a system. The next question focuses on exposure measurement which is a critical criterion of an authentic and reliable cohort study. Here the exposure measurement was by a structured daily audit of each of the subjects, paper and electronic medical record to identify the preventable ADEs. However there are no detailed description of the particular exposure measurement technique implemented for the both of the select example Groups for the study. For the next question, the nature of exposure measurement is more or less accurate as the audit procedure included the use of triggers to enhance the identification of any adverse drug event. It has to be mentioned that it the current measurement of the exposure was enough to decide the occurrence of preventable ADEs in presence and absence of BCMA system. There is no requirement for a past e xposure measurement for the study hence the exposure measurement for the study can be considered valid. As the inter observer exposure measurement reliability was statistically adjusted in the study it can be mentioned that the reliability of the exposure measurement is also valid (Song Chung, 2010). The 4th question of the critical appraisal tool focuses on confounding factors. It has to be mentioned that for the study there when 958 study subjects. There are many confounding factors and the segregation of the factors into the two groups into BCMA and No-BCMA have been represented in the table 1. The confounding factors present included personal characteristics of the patients, total Administration doses, and the nursing capacity. It has to be mentioned that for any research study the presence of confounding factors have the ability to influence the direction of the study results, and for any cohort study to be high quality the potential confounders has to be measured and identified whenever possible (Song Chung., 2010). As the research study had identified and measures the number of confounders in between two groups this criteria can be considered met. Fifth question addresses whether the research study has employed any strategy to deal with the confounding factors. Although t he authors have mentioned that the confounding factors like nursing capacity were addressed in the article however no detailed strategy was explained in the study. In the fifth question it can be said that the participants were free of the outcome of the interest at the beginning of the study. The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of University of Iowa Childrens Hospital recruited patients in an unbiased manner. The chance of the patient to be admitted in the section 1 (with equipped with the barcode medication administration [BCMA]) is independent to those of section 2 with no BMCA. However, the nurses who were the main candidate to organize the process of BMCA were given training in relation to BMCA and were then assisted by super-users while operating the patients. Thus there might be a chance of bias as nurses after obtaining the training might be aware of the outcome and thereby increasing the chance of bias (Hopkins Batterham, 2016). The study further claimed that they failed to conduct a blinded trial. According to Morriss et al. (2009), the investigators who made the final designation were blinded about the potential of the Adverse D rug Event (ADE) and then they adjusted the analyses for the subject along with the environmental differences that might act as the confounders. The outcome was measured in a valid manner because it utilized a comparison mode of measuring the outcome in systematic review (Shamseer et al., 2015). The paper here employed a structure of daily audit of each subjects paper and electronic medical record for 24 hours to spot the medication errors and the rate of occurrences that were significant to or preventable in relation to adverse drug events. All the medication orders were critically reviewed against the latest and the continuing orders and are then compared with the paper or with the electronic Medication administration record (MAR). The audit procedures were also used to enhance the identification of the Averse drug event (ADE). The follow-up time was 50 weeks that is significant enough to tally the medication error in accordance with the BCMA. Within 50-week (12 months approx) the medication errors and other potential and preventable ADV were detected in a structure manner for a daily audit. This goes in sync with the study conducted by de Arajo Lobo et al., in the year 2014. In this study, they conducted an observational cross-sectional study for 8 months to detect medication error. The entire sample size was strictly followed up with zero drop-out. There were total 958 study subjects with 856 unique patients. Initially all the patients were studied for 19 consecutive weeks in the absence of BCMA system. After an interval of 4-week (when no data was collected) and BCMA installation was done) study period of 9 consecutive weeks and then 3 consecutive weeks were conducted with the BCMA trained nurse. The said approached conducted in this study goes with the approach prosed by Sedgwick in the year 2012. The strategies that are used for the complete follow were not also effective. According to Morriss et al. (2009), the study conducted in the neonatal unit limit ed the generalized results. This is because the hospitals that are already equipped with computer prescribed order entry (COPE) or other clinical services that have lower rates of preventable ADE may fail to experience as great at the relative value. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed via using Kruskal-Wallis test in order to calculate the p score. Based on the statistical analysis, it was observed that there was significant change in the preventable ADEs. According to Acar and Sun (2013), Kruskal-Wallis test is the best ever test used to calculate the significant statistical results via eliminating the uncertainty of the study. Conclusion: Thus from discussion it can be concluded that the results obtained from the study conducted by Morriss et al., 2009 showed that the BCMA system help in the reduction of the risk of the targeted preventable ADE via controlling the number of the medication doses, subject and the day. This study thus will help in the reduction of the fatal risk of the neonatal care unit via reducing the harm coming from the medication error. It will also help in the advancement of the disease process via including technological based approaches in order to mitigate the error. The study also showed that the computer prescriber order entry along with the clinical decision support software helps in reducing the threat coming from the ADE. The study also highlighted the same results is applicable to diverse group of people include across the genders and even among the twins. However, the capacity of the nurse group and their proper training should be taken into consideration. References: Acar, E. F., Sun, L. (2013). A generalized KruskalWallis test incorporating group uncertainty with application to genetic association studies.Biometrics,69(2), 427-435. de Arajo Lobo, M. G. A., Pinheiro, S. M. B., Castro, J. G. D., Moment, V. G., Pranchevicius, M. C. S. (2013). Adverse drug reaction monitoring: support for pharmacovigilance at a tertiary care hospital in Northern Brazil.BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology,14(1), 5. Ghaleb, M. A., Barber, N., Franklin, B. D., Wong, I. C. K. (2010). The incidence and nature of prescribing and medication administration errors in paediatric inpatients.Archives of Disease in Childhood, adc158485. Hopkins, W. G., Batterham, A. M. (2016). Error rates, decisive outcomes and publication bias with several inferential methods.Sports medicine,46(10), 1563-1573. Lisby, M., Nielsen, L. P., Brock, B., Mainz, J. (2010). How are medication errors defined? A systematic literature review of definitions and characteristics.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,22(6), 507-518. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J. (2017).Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Melnyk, B. M., Fineout-Overholt, E. (Eds.). (2011).Evidence-based practice in nursing healthcare: A guide to best practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Morriss, F. H., Abramowitz, P. W., Nelson, S. P., Milavetz, G., Michael, S. L., Gordon, S. N., ... Cook, E. F. (2009). Effectiveness of a barcode medication administration system in reducing preventable adverse drug events in a neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study.The Journal of pediatrics,154(3), 363-368. Morriss, F. H., Abramowitz, P. W., Nelson, S. P., Milavetz, G., Michael, S. L., Gordon, S. N., ... Cook, E. F. (2009). Effectiveness of a barcode medication administration system in reducing preventable adverse drug events in a neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study.The Journal of pediatrics,154(3), 363-368. Sedgwick, P. (2012). Observational study design.Bmj,345, e5856. Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., ... Stewart, L. A. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation.Bmj,349, g7647. Song, J. W., Chung, K. C. (2010). Observational studies: cohort and case-control studies.Plastic and reconstructive surgery,126(6), 2234

The Nature of the Mind Essay Example For Students

The Nature of the Mind Essay A leading exponent of the substantial view was George Berkeley, an 18th century Anglican bishop and philosopher. Berkeley argued that there is no such thing as matter and what humans see as the material world is nothing but an idea in Gods mind, and that therefore the human mind is purely a manifestation of the soul. Few philosophers take an extreme view today, but the view that the human mind is of a nature or essence somehow different from, and higher than, the mere operations of the brain, continues to be widely held. Berkeleys views were attacked, and in the eyes of many demolished, by T.H. Huxley, a 19th century biologist and disciple of Charles Darwin, who agreed that the phenomena of the mind were of a unique order, but argued that they can only be explained in reference to events in the brain. Huxley drew on a tradition of materialist thought in British philosophy dating to Thomas Hobbes, who argued in the 17th century that mental events were ultimately physical in nature, although with the biological knowledge of his day he could not say what their physical basis was. Huxley blended Hobbes with Darwin to produce the modern materialist or functional view. Huxleys view was reinforced by the steady expansion of knowledge about the functions of the human brain. In the 19th century it was not possible to say with certainty how the brain carried out such functions as memory, emotion, perception and reason. This left the field open for substantialists to argue for an autonomous mind, or for a metaphysical theory of the mind. But each advance in the study of the brain during the 20th century made this harder, since it became more and more apparent that all the components of the mind have their origins in the functioning of the brain. Huxleys rationalism, however, was disturbed in the early 20th century by the ideas of Sigmund Freud, who developed a theory of the unconscious mind, and argued that those mental processes of which humans are subjectively aware are only a small part of their total mental activity. Freudianism was in a sense a revival of the substantial view of the mind in a secular guise. Although Freud did not deny that the mind was a function of the brain, he held the mind has, as it were, a mind of its own, of which we are not conscious, which we cannot control, and which can be accessed only though psychoanalysis (particularly the interpretation of dreams). Freuds theory of the unconscious, although impossible to prove empirically, has been widely accepted and has greatly influenced the popular understanding of the mind.